What are the first signs of lung cancer?

Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers, but its symptoms can often go unnoticed until the disease reaches an advanced stage. The earlier you act, the better, says Kim Baker-El Abiad, MD, clinical associate professor of internal medicine-pulmonary, critical care and occupational medicine at University of Iowa Health Care.

“Though symptoms might be unclear, the sooner you can get in for a screen or any kind of test or diagnosis, the better your outlook will be,” Baker-El Abiad says.

The early symptoms of lung cancer can vary widely, but there are common signs that may need attention:

• Persistent cough. A chronic cough that doesn’t go away or worsens over time is a common early indicator. If your cough lasts more than a few weeks—and especially if you’re coughing up blood—call your doctor.
• Shortness of breath. Difficulty breathing during everyday activities that previously felt manageable can signal a problem. This symptom may stem from a blockage in the airways or fluid buildup in the lungs.
• Chest pain. Pain in the chest that persists or worsens with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing could be a sign of lung cancer. This discomfort might also radiate to the shoulders or back.
• Unexplained weight loss. Losing weight without trying is a common symptom of cancer, including lung cancer. It can be caused by the body’s response to the tumor.
• Hoarseness. A persistent change in voice, such as hoarseness or a raspy tone, could indicate the presence of a tumor affecting the vocal cords or surrounding nerves.
• Recurring respiratory infections. Frequent infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia, may be linked to an obstruction in the airways caused by a tumor.

Certain symptoms demand immediate medical attention, as they may indicate advanced disease or complications, including coughing up blood and severe chest pain that worsens over time.